Polypterus senegalus — Senegal Bichir
Family: Polypteridae
Origin: Freshwater rivers, floodplains, and swamps of West and Central Africa
Size: 35–50 cm (14–20 inches)
Lifespan: 10–20 years
 
Natural Habitat
Environment: Slow-moving rivers, floodplains, marshes, and shallow streams with muddy or sandy bottoms
Water Conditions: Warm, oxygen-poor waters; capable of breathing atmospheric air
Temperature Range: 24–29°C (75–84°F)
 
Physical Description
Body Shape: Long, cylindrical, prehistoric-looking body with multiple dorsal finlets
Coloration: Gray to pale brown, sometimes olive-toned; albino and platinum morphs are common in aquariums
Fins: Pectoral fins are strong and used for "walking"; dorsal finlets give a spiked appearance
 
Aquarium Care
Tank Size: Minimum 55 gallons for juveniles; 75+ gallons recommended for adults
Water Parameters:
pH: 6.2–7.8
Temperature: 24–29°C (75–84°F)
Water Flow: Gentle
Substrate: Sand or fine gravel
Décor: Driftwood, rocks, caves, large open areas; needs tight-fitting lid (excellent escape artists)
Filtration: Strong, efficient filtration with gentle flow
 
Diet
Type: Carnivorous
Preferred Foods: Live or frozen foods (earthworms, bloodworms, shrimp, small fish), sinking carnivore pellets
Feeding Frequency: Once daily or every other day
 
Behavior & Tank Mates
Temperament:
Generally peaceful but predatory toward very small fish
Nocturnal but often active during twilight hours
Compatible Tank Mates:
Other large, peaceful fish (large Catfish, Cichlids, other Bichirs)
Avoid small fish that can fit into its mouth
Behavior Notes:
Capable of breathing air with a modified swim bladder
Prefers dim lighting and plenty of hiding spaces
 
Breeding
Spawning Method: Egg scatterer
Breeding Conditions:
Rare in home aquariums; typically requires seasonal simulation and large, specialized setups
Fry Care:
Eggs hatch in 3–4 days; fry initially have external gills